Abstract

Objective: The project aimed to standardize advanced care planning (ACP) at an internal medicine clinic by initiating physician-patient communication regarding the patient’s knowledge, understanding, and openness to pursuing advanced medical directives.

Methods: Data collection was conducted from February 1 to April 1, 2024, with the study concluding on April 24, 2024. ACP was facilitated through an initial standardized six-question pre-intervention survey in both English and Spanish. This pre-survey included questions on prior survey exposure within the past three months, current age, existing or previous medical conditions, possession of an advance directive (e.g., living will or durable power of attorney for healthcare), and interest in learning more about advanced medical directives. For patients interested in learning more, standardized educational materials from the National Institute on Aging were provided, along with a Texas out-of-hospital do-not-resuscitate (OOH-DNR) order, a Medical Power of Attorney form, and instructions in both English and Spanish. Post-education, patients completed a post-intervention survey asking if they had previously discussed advanced medical directives with a physician. The survey also included Likert scale questions about the discussion’s usefulness, comfort with end-of-life discussions, perceived importance of advanced directives, and likelihood of completing an advance directive.

Results: During the three months, 52 patients completed the pre-intervention survey, with an average age of 59 years. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes were the most common conditions among participants. Statistical tests indicated no significant difference between patients’ age or number of comorbidities and possession of an advance directive (p > 0.05), nor was there a significant association between these variables and interest in learning more about advanced directives (p > 0.05). However, post-intervention survey results showed a significant correlation between age and prior discussions about advanced directives (p = 0.013) and between the number of comorbidities and having had past discussions (p = 0.025). Only 1.2% of patients reported having advanced directives before this study, highlighting a substantial gap in documentation.

Conclusion: This project revealed a notable gap in ACP documentation among patients at the internal medicine clinic, with very few patients having advanced directives prior to the intervention. While age and comorbidity count were not significantly associated with interest in advanced directives, older patients and those with more comorbidities were more likely to have had previous discussions. This underscores the need for targeted efforts to encourage ACP, particularly among younger patients and those with fewer medical conditions. Standardized educational resources effectively facilitated discussions, raising awareness and promoting engagement in ACP.

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